Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This publication contains the annual review for fiscal 1996 (July 1995-June 1996) and a 10-year accounting of the project portfolio in a project matrix (Appendix). The annual review portion of the publication is divided into four sections: an overview, a series of regional review, a set of reviews on a spectrum of environmental and social issues, and a brief scan of relevant publications. The environmental and social issues discussed include: biodiversity conservation; fostering global warming solutions through energy efficiency, demand side management and renewable technologies; linking physical environmental effects to economic impacts; legal aspects of environmental management; building strategic alliance to avoid duplicating efforts in environmental work; Bank's work on pollution management and technology policy; engaging private sector into environmental investments; enhancing participatory approaches in decisionmaking; and freshwater, coastal and marine resource management. In addition, a new column called Reflection sets the context for the Bank's work in the larger global agenda drawn up in Rio's Agenda 21 in 1992.

Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report aims to synthesize the current theory and practice of the blue economy concept to govern economic activity linked to the ocean, and to provide a framework for the Government of Bangladesh to analyze its potential. With the peaceful resolution of maritime boundary disputes with its neighbors in 2012 and 2014, the Government has recently defined the ocean space under its jurisdiction and prioritized its use as a key source of future economic growth. The Government has prioritized the use of these spaces as a key source of future growth. However, a number of questions remain in embarking on a policy planning process to achieve Bangladesh's blue economy aspirations, including measures of the current economic uses of the ocean space, the identification of clear targets for sustainable growth of the use of this space, and a policy pathway to get there. Described as an economic frontier, the term "ocean economy" applies collectively to ocean based industry activities and the assets, goods, and services of marine ecosystems. Ocean ecosystems provide the natural capital inputs that combine with produced and human capital to underpin the ocean economy.The concept of a "blue economy" merged in 2012 as countries around the world have grappled with the twin trends of accelerating growth in the ocean economy and change in the underlying ecosystems. A "blue economy" aims for a balance between economic opportunities and the environmental limitations of using the ocean to generate wealth. Few documents exist to describe how countries can transition their ocean economies toward a blue economy, despite much discussion since 2012. This report fills that gap by offering a conceptual framework to guide policy-makers in Bangladesh in proposing specific reforms, by illustrating the economic activities of the ocean economy together with the underlying natural capital, as well as other types of capital. The framework suggests entry points for policy reforms to change the flow of inputs from ocean ecosystems to the ocean economy over time, or conversely to reduce outputs from economic activity (such as pollution) that may impact the functioning of ocean ecosystems. The report also synthesizes principles that may help guide such policy reforms. Most importantly, the report summarizes the information base needed for the Government of Bangladesh to set realistic targets for a blue economy development pathway and monitor progress.

Economic Policy --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Natural Resources Management --- Water Resources --- Water Resources Management

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The findings of this study are presented in the main body of the report on a country-by country basis in alphabetical order. For each country, a brief overview of the environmental accounting system in terms of the scope, frequency of update, length of time series, and any other relevant information regarding the accounts making up the system is given. This is followed by a table listing each of the accounts that make up the system and describing them in terms of the basic information noted above (name, frequency, and so on). The summary table is then followed by in-depth descriptions of the most policy-relevant users and uses for each country. The purpose of these descriptions is to show who is using the accounts and for what purpose and how the uses are related to policy. For the most part, the discussion around these points is factual and drawn directly from the material collected during the research for the study. In addition, comments are offered in various places regarding the features of the accounts that may make them appealing to their users. These comments are the opinion of the author and are based on his experience developing environmental accounts in Canada and internationally.

Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Environmental Information Systems --- Environmental Policy --- Environmental Protection

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report analyzes the consequences for the labor force of Western Macedonia's (Greece) decarbonization as part of Europe's new Green Deal. Already, the region records the highest unemployment rate of the country (27 percent in 2018). A survey of contractors suggests that about 16,000 jobs could potentially be affected by the closure of the mines (about 4,500 directly in coal and power production and another 11,000-11,500 indirectly supplying goods and services). It mainly concerns older and less educated, but medium-skilled workers. Many do not expect much of a future in Western Macedonia, with most of the better-skilled seeing themselves move to other regions. But much will also depend on the coal transition path chosen, including the timing and labor intensity of the power plant decommissioning and land reclamation plans, as well as those of the new alternative activities promoted. Timely consultations with the workers affected will also be critical.

Employment --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Industry --- Labor Markets --- Social Protections and Labor

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This report provides an overview of international experience in the implementation of Green Public Procurement (GPP). It focuses on the institutional framework that is needed to support the mainstreaming of GPP practices across government. The intention is to equip practitioners with a broad understanding of the issues they need to consider in the design and implementation of GPP reforms. The report draws on a wide range of country examples. It provides links to handbooks and tools for practitioners.

Capacity Building --- Climate Change and Environment --- Environment --- Environmental Economics and Policies --- Green Issues --- Public Procurement